Dr. Usman's Cardiology Notes

    A 37 year old male with dyspnea on exertion. Spot the findings on the basis of echocardiography clips shown, answer is given after thirty seconds with explanation of findings. Case 74 : FINDINGS & DIAGNOSIS: This Echocardiogram is showing all the classic features of hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy (HOCM/HCM) including Asymmetric septal hypertrophy, moderate mitral valve regurgitation (posteriorly directed jet due to SAM), M Mode at mitral level is showing typical Systolic anterior motion of mitral leaflet (SAM), M Mode at Aortic valve showing Mid Systolic closure of AV causing a notch, LVEF is normal in this patient, Continous Wave (CW) Doppler through LVOT is showing an increased gradient of 73mmHg, which further increased to 203 mmHg during valsalva confirming that its a dynamic obstruction rather than fixed obstruction.  Do you Know yamaguchi Syndrome? Its an apical Variant of HCM. To Watch Apical HCM Case Click Here: https://youtu.be/65e8L9pG5rg 👉 ...

Watch this simple video on DTS calculation with example case:   Commonly asked questions: How to Calculate Duke treadmill Score? What is DTS? How to risk stratify a patient with ETT (Exercise Tolerance Test)? #Cardiology #Non-Invasive risk Stratification

  Case 73 : FINDINGS & DIAGNOSIS: Parasternal Long axis view showing enlarged left atrium measuring 52 mm, PLAX and PSAX views indicating normal LV systolic function. Apical four chamber view is showing bi-atrial dilation. Pulse Wave (PW) doppler profile along with tissue doppler imaging (TDI) is suggestive of restrictive pattern. Together these findings fit into the diagnosis of restrictive cardiomyopathy. (RCM)  How to measure left Atrium in PLAX view:  LA is measured at End-systole (ECG: The end of T wave), at the level of the aortic sinuses, and perpendicular to the long axis of the LA posterior wall. Normal value is less than 40 mm in males.  How to measure LA Volume Index:  It is measured by biplane simpson method by using apical four chamber and two chamber view and indexing with body surface area (BSA).  How to measure Right Atrium in Apical four chamber view:  RA Major: Its the length measured from center of valve annulus to center of supe...