Dr. Usman's Cardiology Notes

Case 63 :  A 75 year old male with a murmur. Spot the findings on the basis of echocardiography clips shown, answer is given after thirty seconds with recap of echo clips and explanation of findings. FINDINGS & DIAGNOSIS: Parasternal long axis is showing a thickened and restricted movement of aortic valve leaflets suggesting aortic stenosis. Peak velocity of 3m/s and mean gradient of 36mmHg denotes moderate aortic stenosis, these numbers are usually not given in exam as it will hint a main diagnosis so they expect you to just pick aortic stenosis along with associated findings as explained in the video.  ============================  👉 Subscribe for more Videos  👉 Share this video  👉 Watch other educational videos:   ✅ WATCH 🎥: Echocardiography Standard Protocol Step by Step  ✅ WATCH 🎥: Echo MOCK Exam Part 1: Thirty Echo Cases in 30 minutes  ✅ WATCH 🎥: Echo MOCK Exam Part 2: Thirty Echo Cases in 30 minutes  =============...

A 50 year old female presented with shortness of breath, six months after her cardiac surgery. She is non compliant to her medications. Try to spot the findings on the basis of echocardiography clips shown, answer is given after thirty seconds with recap of echo clips with labelled findings. Case 49 : FINDINGS & DIAGNOSIS: Transesophageal Echocardiography is showing a restricted motion of one of the hemidisk of prosthetic mitral valve, with mild mitral regurgitation. Mean gradient across mitral valve is 7.5 mmHG, suggesting possible stenosis due to thrombosis. ==========================================  👉 Subscribe for more Videos 👉 Share this video 👉 Watch other educational videos: ✅ WATCH 🎥: Echocardiography Standard Protocol Step by Step ✅ WATCH 🎥: Echo MOCK Exam Part 1: Thirty Echo Cases in 30 minutes null ========================================== #echo #echocardiography #cardiology #heart #cardiologytoacs #echocase #cardiologyfellow

A 35 year old male with history of cardiac surgery came for follow up complaining of dyspnea and palpitations. Try to spot the findings on the basis of echocardiography clips shown, answer is given after thirty seconds with recap of echo clips with labelled findings. Case 48 : FINDINGS & DIAGNOSIS: 2D Echocardiography showing mitral regurgitation in the vicinity of prosthetic mitral valve. 3D reconstructed echo confirms location of regurgitant jet out of sewing ring. 3D Echo is useful in differentiating valvular versus para valvular leaks. ============================= ============= 

 A four year old child presented with poor weight gain and recurrent respiratory tract infections. Try to spot the findings on the basis of echocardiography clips shown, answer is given after thirty seconds with recap of echo clips with labelled findings. Case 47 : FINDINGS & DIAGNOSIS: Transthoracic Echocardiography short axis view is showing a turbulent flow towards pulmonic valve suggesting patent ductus arteriosus (PDA), CW interogation of PDA confirms systolic and diastolic flow across PDA. Also note the marked enlargement of RV as compared to the size of LV. ========================================== 

In this video we are going to discuss four major points by which you can differentiate opening snap (OS) sound of mitral stenosis (MS) from third heart sound (S3) clinically. And the examples of these two sounds. 1. First major difference is that opening snap is associated with loud first heart sound (S1). 2. Secondly opening snap is short sharp click best heard at left lower sternal border with diaphragm of the stethoscope, whereas third heart sound is best heard at apex with the bell of stethoscope. 3. Third difference is that on standing opening snap moves further away from A2, whereas S3 doesn't change its position on dynamic auscultation. 4. And the last difference is measuring the distance of S2 from opening snap with phonocardiography, as its difficult to appreciate clinically. S2 to opening snap distance is usually less than 100 msec whereas the distance of S3 from S2 is more than 100 msec. These are the major differences between these two sounds. Example sound of opening ...